EETO Summary
Sorbent Databases
EETO Reports List
Sorbent Test Program
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Environment Canada's
Emergencies Engineering Technologies Office, in conjuction
with its research partners, plays an active role in developing
standards for evaluating response equipment as well as
conducting product testing. |
The purpose of these tests are to
evaluate the sorbents performance as per the ASTM F726-99
Standard Method of Testing - Sorbent Performance of
Adsorbents.
This protocol is based, in part, upon test methods
listed in the Canadian General Standards Board - Method for
Testing Sorbents (CAN/CGSB-183.2-4), and internal standards
initially developed in part by the Emergencies Engineering
Technologies Office (formerly the Emergencies Engineering
Division).
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The following section details the
physical types of sorbents and the equipment used to perform
the testing. |
3.1 Sorbent Descriptions
Type I adsorbent (roll, film,
sheet, pad, blanket, web): |
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material with length and width much
greater than thickness and which has both linear form and
strength sufficient to be handled either saturated or
unsaturated.
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Type II adsorbent (loose): |
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an unconsolidated, particulate material
without sufficient form and strength to be handled except with
scoops and similar equipment.
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Type III adsorbent
(enclosed): |
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IIIa, pillows - adsorbent material
contained by an outer fabric or netting which has permeability
to oil, but with openings sufficiently small so as to
substantially retain the sorbent material within the fabric or
netting.
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IIIb, adsorbent booms - adsorbent
material contained by an outer fabric or netting which has
permeability to or is permeable to oil but with openings
sufficiently small so as to substantially retain the sorbent
material within the fabric or netting. The lengthwise
dimension substantially exceeds other dimensions and with
strength members running parallel with length. Booms are
also provided with connections for coupling adsorbent booms
together.
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Type IV - agglomeration unit - an
assemblage of strands, open netting, or other physical forms
giving an open structure which minimally impedes the intrusion
into itself of high viscosity oils. Normally for use with
viscous oils, typically above 10,000 cP viscosity. Said oils
are then held in this structure permitting the composite
oil/structure to be handled (pompoms).
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3.2 Test Liquids
The sorbent material is tested in a
series of oil viscosities. Typically the first three
test liquids from the following list are used: |
Oil Type |
Viscosity Range |
Density Range |
Example |
Light |
1 - 10 cP |
0.820 - 0.870 g/cm3 |
Diesel Fuel |
Medium |
200 - 400 cP |
0.860 - 0.930 g/cm3 |
Crude Oil |
Heavy |
1,500 - 2,500 cP |
0.930 - 1.000 g/cm3 |
Bunker C or residual fuel |
Weathered |
8,000 - 10,000 cP |
0.930 - 1.000 g/cm3 |
Emulsified Crude Oil |
3.3 Equipment
The following apparatus is used to
measure physical and chemical properties of the sorbent
and/or test liquids. |
Density: |
Anton Paar DMA 35
hand-held digital densitometer. The unit contains a
borosilicate U-shaped oscillating tube and a system for
electronic excitation, frequency counting and display. An
injected sample volume is kept constant and is vibrated.
The density calculated is based on a measurement of the
sample oscillation period and temperature. Replicate
measurements are conducted and the average density is
reported.
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Viscosity: |
Brookfield DVII
viscometer powered by a precision motor and equiped with a
beryllium copper spring to measure torque. The degree to
which the spring is wound is proportional to the viscosity
of the fluid. Several of the following spindles are used
per measurement when possible: LVT spindles (#1,#2,#3,#4),
Ultra Low viscosity Adapter (ULA) and spindle, Small
Sample Adapter (SSA) and spindles SC4-18, SC4-31.
Models are said to be accurate to within 1% of their full
scale range when employed in the specified manner.
Readings should be reproducible to within 0.2% of full
scale subject to environmental conditions such as
variations in fluid temperature. Calibrations are
conducted with Brookfield Standard Fluids.
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Mass: |
Sample mass is measured
using a Mettler PM4000 analytical balance. The scale
resolution is 0.01 g and the reported reproducibility is
0.01g
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Test Cells: |
Pyrex 190 mm (diameter)
x 100 mm (depth) crystallizing dishes are the typical test
cells used although other vessels can be used in order to
accomodate special materials.
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Weighing
Pans: |
Non-stick coated pans of
20 cm diameter are used to weigh the samples.
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Mesh Basket: |
Mesh baskets (mesh size
approximately of 1.18 mm diameter) are used to contain and
drain Type II (loose particulate) samples.
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Shaker Table: |
An Eberbach Corporation
shaker table, modified to hold three (3) 4L jars is used
to agitate samples. The table is set at a frequency of 150
cycles per minute with an amplitude of 3 cm.
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The following is only a summary of the
actual protocol used. For the complete protocol, please
contact ASTM offices at http://www.astm.org/
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4.1 The Dynamic Degradation Pre-Test
This procedure is designed to
determine the buoyancy, hydrophobic and oleophilic
properties of a sorbent sample under dynamic conditions. A
sorbent sample is placed in a sealed 4L jar which is half
filled with water. The jar is placed on its side and mounted
on a shaker table, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per
minute at an amplitude of 3 cm, for a duration of 15
minutes. The contents of the jar are allowed to settle for a
period of 2 minutes, after which observations pertaining to
the condition of the water and the sorbent sample are
recorded. The sorbent is tested for water pick-up. Under
full protocol testing, if greater than 10% of the sorbent is
observed to sink, further testing is halted.
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4.2 The Dynamic Degradation Test
Four millilitres of oil (~300 cP) is
added to the surface of the test jars which have been
re-filled with water. The wetted sorbent samples used in the
Dynamic Degradation Pre-Test are returned to the jar and the
container is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker
table for an additional 15 minutes. The contents of the jar
are allowed to settle for a period of 2 minutes and
observations noted. |
4.3 The Oil Adsorption - Short Test
Fresh sorbent samples are weighed and
placed in test cells containing excess test liquids for a
duration of 15 minutes. The samples are removed and weighed
again at a precise time interval (which is dependant on the
viscosity of the test liquid) and a pick-up ratio is
calculated. All runs are performed in triplicate, with a
maximum permissible deviation of 15%. If this deviation is
exceeded, all three runs are performed again.
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4.4 The Oil Adsorption - Long Test
Fresh sorbent samples are weighed and
placed in test cells containing excess test liquids for a
duration of 24 hours. The samples are removed and weighed
again at a precise time interval (which is dependant on the
viscosity of the test liquid) and a pick-up ratio is
calculated. All runs are performed in triplicate, with a
maximum permissible deviation of 15%. If this deviation is
exceeded, all three runs are performed again.
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Emergencies Engineering Technology Office of ETC
EC 1999-2000 Sorbent Test Program
TESTING INFORMATION
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COMPANY: |
Company X |
DENSITY: |
0.61 g/cm3 |
SORBENT: |
XYZ |
DATE TESTED: |
Jan 1, 1999 |
PROJECT #: |
EC99-0000 |
TESTED BY: |
BA |
TYPE (I,II,III,IV): |
II |
CHECKED BY: |
DC |
MATERIAL: |
shredded
polypropylene |
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DYNAMIC: DEGRADATION PRE-TEST
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1 |
2 |
3 |
Temperature (oC) |
21 |
21 |
21 |
Sample weight (g) |
10.4 |
10.2 |
8.8 |
Initial water pickup ratio (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
Buoyancy test (Pass / Fail) |
Pass |
Pass |
Pass |
COMMENTS:
Following 2 minute settling time:
Approx. 5% of sorbent sinks or is in suspension.
Water remains clear. Sorbent submerged; sorbent still
floating. |
DYNAMIC: DEGRADATION TEST
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1 |
2 |
3 |
Temperature (oC) |
21 |
21 |
21 |
Persistence of oil sheen on surface
(Y/N) (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
No |
No |
No |
COMMENTS:
No sheen on surface. No noticable change in water
colour or clarity. |
SHORT TEST (15 Minutes)
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Oil #1 |
Oil #2 |
Oil #3 |
SAMPLE |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Temperature (oC) |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
Sample weight (g) |
10.01 |
10.03 |
10.01 |
9.98 |
9.98 |
9.99 |
5.08 |
5.00 |
5.10 |
Initial Capacity (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
11.33 |
10.80 |
10.52 |
13.05 |
12.93 |
13.17 |
5.44 |
6.05 |
4.61 |
Average Liquid up-take (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
10.9 |
13.1 |
5.4 |
Standard Deviation (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
0.41 |
0.12 |
0.72 |
LONG TEST (24 Hours)
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Oil #1 |
Oil #2 |
Oil #3 |
SAMPLE |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
Temperature (oC) |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
21.0 |
Sample weight (g) |
11.20 |
10.60 |
10.83 |
10.54 |
10.30 |
11.02 |
10.27 |
9.20 |
9.78 |
Initial Capacity (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
12.45 |
11.98 |
11.88 |
15.31 |
14.94 |
13.71 |
18.34 |
17.20 |
17.92 |
Average Liquid up-take (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
12.1 |
14.7 |
17.8 |
Standard Deviation (g liquid
/ g sorbent) |
0.30 |
0.84 |
0.58 |
Oil Type |
Density (g/cm3) |
Viscosity (cP) |
Temperature(oC) |
Diesel
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0.838 |
3.4 |
21.9 |
Comment:
Sorbent becomes saturated and sinks in oil.
Drained 30 seconds |
Medium
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0.876 |
350 |
22.2 |
Comment: Sorbent
becomes saturated and sinks in oil. Drained 2
minutes |
Heavy
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0.974 |
2300 |
21.7 |
Comment:
Sorbent did not reach saturation in Short test.
Drained 2 minutes |
For additional information, contact:
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Mr. David Cooper, P.Eng.
SAIC Canada
3439 River Road
Gloucester, Ontario
K1A 0H3
Tel: (613) 991-1841
Fax: (613) 991-1673
email:[email protected]
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